Tezcatlipoca: Learn Nahuatl

1. Ce - One
2. Ome - Two
3. Yei - Three
4. Nahui - Four
5. Macuilli - Five
6. Chicuace - Six
7. Chicome - Seven
8. Chicuei - Eight
9. Chiconahui - Nine
10. Mahtlactli - Ten 

Eleven to Nineteen:

• These numbers are formed by combining the word for ten ("mahtlactli") with the numbers one through nine, often using a contraction or compound form.
• Eleven (11): Mahtlactli-ce (literally "ten-one")
  • Nahuatl: Mahtlactli-once (sometimes just once)
• Twelve (12): Mahtlactli-ome (literally "ten-two")
  • Nahuatl: Mahtlactli-ome (sometimes just ome-ome)
• Thirteen (13): Mahtlactli-yei (literally "ten-three")
  • Nahuatl: Mahtlactli-yei
• Fourteen (14): Mahtlactli-nahui (literally "ten-four")
  • Nahuatl: Mahtlactli-nahui
• Fifteen (15): Caxtolli
  • Nahuatl: Caxtolli
• Sixteen (16): Caxtolli-ce (literally "fifteen-one")
  • Nahuatl: Caxtolli-ce
• Seventeen (17): Caxtolli-ome (literally "fifteen-two")
  • Nahuatl: Caxtolli-ome
• Eighteen (18): Caxtolli-yei (literally "fifteen-three")
  • Nahuatl: Caxtolli-yei
• Nineteen (19): Caxtolli-nahui (literally "fifteen-four")
  • Nahuatl: Caxtolli-nahui

Twenty:

• Twenty is a significant number in Mesoamerican cultures because it is the base of their vigesimal (base-20) numbering system.
• Twenty (20): Cempoalli
  • Nahuatl: Cempoalli

Multiples of Twenty:

• Numbers are constructed by combining the term for twenty ("poalli") with multipliers.
• Forty (40): Ome-poalli (two twenties)
  • Nahuatl: Ome-poalli
• Sixty (60): Yei-poalli (three twenties)
  • Nahuatl: Yei-poalli
• Eighty (80): Nahui-poalli (four twenties)
  • Nahuatl: Nahui-poalli
• One hundred (100): Mahtlactli-onpoalli (five twenties)
  • Nahuatl: Mahtlactli-onpoalli
• Two hundred (200): Cempoalli-omepoalli (ten twenties)
  • Nahuatl: Cempoalli-omepoalli

Hundred:

• Hundred (100): Mahtlactli-poalli (five twenties)
  • Nahuatl: Mahtlactli-poalli

Thousand:

• Thousand (1000): Cen-xiquipilli
  • Nahuatl: Cen-xiquipilli

Zero: Yonce

• The concept of zero was known to Mesoamerican cultures, including the Nahuatl-speaking Aztecs. The Maya, used the term "mihn" for zero.

Thirty (30): Cempoalli-once (twenty-ten)

• Nahuatl: Cempoalli-once

Forty-Five (45): Ome-poalli-caxtolli (two twenties-fifteen)

• Nahuatl: Ome-poalli-caxtolli

Sixty (60): Yei-poalli (three twenties)

• Nahuatl: Yei-poalli

Nahuatl uses a vigesimal system, where numbers beyond 10 are constructed using combinations of the base numbers and terms for twenty (poalli). This system results in unique constructions for numbers like 12, 20, 100, and 1000, reflecting the cultural importance of these quantities. The specific Nahuatl terms and their structure reveal a sophisticated numerical understanding among the Aztec and other Mesoamerican civilizations.

A, C, E, H, I, L, M, N, O, P, Qu, T, Tl, X, Z

• Cu
• Hu
• Ch
• Tz
• Y

• ' (glottal stop)

• A: Like 'a' in "father"
• E: Like 'e' in "bed"
• I: Like 'i' in "machine"
• O: Like 'o' in "note"
• 
  

• Ae: Pronounce as "ah-eh", where each vowel sound is distinct but smoothly linked.
• Ai: Pronounce as "ah-ee".
• Au: Pronounce as "ah-oo".
• Ei: Pronounce as "eh-ee".
• Eu: Pronounce as "eh-oo".
• Ia: Pronounce as "ee-ah".
• Ie: Pronounce as "ee-eh".
• Io: Pronounce as "ee-oh".
• Oi: Pronounce as "oh-ee".
• Ui: Pronounce as "oo-ee".

• A: Like 'a' in "father"
• C: Like 'k' in "cat" before 'a', 'o', 'u', and consonants; like 'ts' in "cats" before 'e' and 'i'
• E: Like 'e' in "bed"
• H: Represents a glottal stop, like the break in "uh-oh"
• I: Like 'i' in "machine"
• L: Like 'l' in "love"
• M: Like 'm' in "man"
• N: Like 'n' in "no"
• O: Like 'o' in "note"
• P: Like 'p' in "pot"
• Qu: Like 'kw' in "quick"
• T: Like 't' in "top"
• Tl: A single sound, pronounced with the 't' and 'l' together
• X: Like 'sh' in "shoe"
• Z: Like 's' in "see"
• Cu: Like 'kw' in "quick" (before 'a', 'o', 'u')
• Hu: Like 'w' in "wool"
• Ch: Like 'ch' in "chair"
• Tz: Like 'ts' in "cats"
• Y: Like 'y' in "yes"

• ' (glottal stop): A brief pause in the airflow, similar to the sound between the syllables of "uh-oh"

• Atl: Water (pronounced "ah-tl")
• Cuauh: Tree, wood (pronounced "kwow")
• Iztac: White (pronounced "ees-tak")
• Mecatl: Rope (pronounced "meh-kat-l")

• Atl - Water
• Pronunciation: ah-tl
• Cali - House
• Pronunciation: ka-li
• Tlalli - Earth, Land
• Pronunciation: tla-li
•  
• Tlahtlaqualli - Food
• Pronunciation: tlah-tlah-kwah-lee
• Tletl - Fire
• Pronunciation: tle-tl
• Metl - Maguey (Agave plant)
• Pronunciation: meh-tl
• Tonatiuh - Sun
• Pronunciation: to-na-tee-uh
• Yohualli - Night
• Pronunciation: yo-wa-li 
• Tepoztli - Mask
• Pronunciation: teh-pos-tli
• Ehecatl - Wind
• Pronunciation: eh-heh-ka-tl
• Cuitlatl - Plant (General term, but often "cuetlaxochitl" for specific plants like poinsettia)
• Pronunciation: kwee-tla-tl
• Amoxtli - Book
• Pronunciation: ah-mohs-tli
• Example Sentence: "Nimitztlahtoa in amoxtli." (I read the book.)

Nehuatl - I, me (formal/emphatic)

• Ne - I, me (simplified)
• Pronunciation: neh
• Example Sentence: "Ne ninemi." (I live.)

Tehuatl - You (singular, formal/emphatic)

• Te - You (simplified)
• Pronunciation: teh
• Example Sentence: "Te tinemi." (You live.)

Yehuatl - He, she, it (formal/emphatic)

• Ye - He, she, it (simplified)
• Pronunciation: yeh
• Example Sentence: "Ye ninemi." (He/She/It lives.)

Tohuantin - We (inclusive, formal/emphatic)

• To - We (simplified)
• Pronunciation: toh
• Example Sentence: "To tinemi." (We live.)

Inhuantin - They (formal/emphatic)

• In - They (simplified)
• Pronunciation: een
• Example Sentence: "In ninemi." (They live.)

No - My

• Pronunciation: noh
• Example Sentence: "Nocali." (My house.)

Mo - Your (singular)

• Pronunciation: moh
• Example Sentence: "Mocali." (Your house.)

I - His, her, its

• Pronunciation: ee
• Example Sentence: "Ical." (His/Her/Its house.)

To - Our

• Pronunciation: toh
• Example Sentence: "Tocali." (Our house.)

In - Their

• Pronunciation: een
• Example Sentence: "Incali." (Their house.)

I, me (Ne):

• "Ne tlahtoa." (I speak.)

You (Te):

• "Te tlahtoa." (You speak.)

He/She/It (Ye):

• "Ye tlahtoa." (He/She/It speaks.)

We (To):

• "To tlahtoa." (We speak.)

They (In):

• "In tlahtoa." (They speak.)

My house (Nocali):

• "Nocali cualli." (My house is good.)

Your house (Mocali):

• "Mocali cualli." (Your house is good.)

His/Her/Its house (Ical):

• "Ical cualli." (His/Her/Its house is good.)

Our house (Tocali):

• "Tocali cualli." (Our house is good.)

Their house (Incali):

• "Incali cualli." (Their house is good.)

1. Tlahtoa - To speak
   
   • Pronunciation: tla-toh-ah
   • Example Sentence: "Ne tlahtoa." (I speak.)

1. Tlacua - To eat
   
   • Pronunciation: tlah-koo-ah
   • Example Sentence: "Ne tlacua." (I eat.)

1. Nemi - To live
   
   • Pronunciation: neh-mee
   • Example Sentence: "Ne ninemi." (I live.)

1. Maca - To give
   
   • Pronunciation: mah-kah
   • Example Sentence: "Ne maca." (I give.)

1. Tzintia - To sit
   
   • Pronunciation: tseen-tee-ah
   • Example Sentence: "Ne tzintia." (I sit.)

1. Itta - To see
   
   • Pronunciation: eet-tah
   • Example Sentence: "Ne itta." (I see.)

1. Cuepa - To return
   
   • Pronunciation: kweh-pah
   • Example Sentence: "Ne cuepa." (I return.)

1. Cocoa - To buy
   
   • Pronunciation: koh-koh-ah
   • Example Sentence: "Ne cocoa." (I buy.)

1. Miqui - To die
   
   • Pronunciation: mee-kee
   • Example Sentence: "Ye miqui." (He/She/It dies.)

1. Hui - To go, to come
   
   • Pronunciation: hwee
   • Example Sentence: "Ne hui." (I go/I come.)

• To speak (Tlahtoa):
  
  • "Ne tlahtoa." (I speak.)
• To eat (Tlacua):
  
  • "Ne tlacua." (I eat.)
• To live (Nemi):
  
  • "Ne ninemi." (I live.)
• To give (Maca):
  
  • "Ne maca." (I give.)
• To sit (Tzintia):
  
  • "Ne tzintia." (I sit.)
• To see (Itta):
  
  • "Ne itta." (I see.)
• To return (Cuepa):
  
  • "Ne cuepa." (I return.)
• To buy (Cocoa):
  
  • "Ne cocoa." (I buy.)
• To die (Miqui):
  
  • "Ye miqui." (He/She/It dies.)
• To go, to come (Hui):
  
  • "Ne hui." (I go/I come.)

Cualli - Good

• Pronunciation: kwah-lee
• Example Sentence: "In cali cualli." (The house is good.)

Ipoca - Smoking

• Pronunciation: ee-poh-kah
• Example Sentence: "In ipoca tletl." (The smoking fire.)

Iztac - White

• Pronunciation: ees-tak
• Example Sentence: "In iztac atl." (The white water.)

Chichiltic - Red

• Pronunciation: chee-cheel-teek
• Example Sentence: "In chichiltic chilli." (The red chili.)

Xoxoctic - Green

• Pronunciation: sho-shok-teek
• Example Sentence: "In xoxoctic cuahuitl." (The green tree.)

Tepitzin - Small

• Pronunciation: teh-peet-zeen
• Example Sentence: "In tepitzin pilli." (The small child.)

Acatl - Tall

• Pronunciation: ah-kaht-l
• Example Sentence: "In acatl cuahuitl." (The tall tree.)

Tlacuiloa - Painted

• Pronunciation: tlah-kwee-loh-ah
• Example Sentence: "In tlacuiloa tlapalli." (The painted color.)

Tlen - How

• Pronunciation: tlen
• Example Sentence: "Tlen ca?" (How is it?)

Quena - Yes

• Pronunciation: keh-nah
• Example Sentence: "Quena, nimitztlahtoa." (Yes, I speak.)

Amo - No, not

• Pronunciation: ah-moh
• Example Sentence: "Amo, ne amo ninemi." (No, I do not live.)

Nequi - Want, like

• Pronunciation: neh-kee
• Example Sentence: "Nequi tlacualli." (I want food.)

Ticmati - Know

• Pronunciation: teek-mah-tee
• Example Sentence: "Ticmati in amoxtli." (You know the book.)

Ompa - There

• Pronunciation: ohm-pah
• Example Sentence: "Ompa in cali." (The house is there.)

Ihuian - With

• Pronunciation: ee-hwee-ahn
• Example Sentence: "Nimitztlahtoa ihuian motlahtol." (I speak with your word.)

Nimitztlahtoa - I speak

• Pronunciation: nee-meets-tlah-toh-ah
• Example Sentence: "Nimitztlahtoa cualli." (I speak well.)

• Adjectives:
  
  • "In cualli cali." (The good house.)
  • "In iztac pilli." (The white child.)
  • "In ipoca tletl." (The smoking fire.)
• Adverbs:
  
  • "Quena, ne tlahtoa." (Yes, I speak.)
  • "Amo, te itta." (No, you see.)

1. Ihuan - With
   
   • Pronunciation: ee-hwahn
   • Example Sentence: "Nimitztlahtoa ihuian motlahtol." (I speak with your word.)

1. Ipan - On, upon
   
   • Pronunciation: ee-pahn
   • Example Sentence: "In amoxtli ipan tepetl." (The book is on the hill.)

1. Ihuicac - Above
   
   • Pronunciation: ee-hwee-kahk
   • Example Sentence: "In cuahuitl ihuicac." (Above the tree.)

1. Ihuatl - Under
   
   • Pronunciation: ee-hwahtl
   • Example Sentence: "In calli ihuicac." (Under the house.)

1. Tlacati - Through, by means of
   
   • Pronunciation: tlah-kah-tee
   • Example Sentence: "Tlacati nimitztlahtoa." (I speak through him/her.)

1. Itech - In, into
   
   • Pronunciation: ee-tehk
   • Example Sentence: "Itech in cali." (In the house.)

1. Pan - In, on, at
   
   • Pronunciation: pahn
   • Example Sentence: "Pan cuahuitl." (On the tree.)

• With (Ihuitl):
  
  • "Nimitztlahtoa ihuitl motlahtol." (I speak with your word.)
• On, upon (Ipan):
  
  • "In amoxtli ipan tepetl." (The book is on the hill.)

1. Niltze - Hello
   
   • Pronunciation: neel-tseh
   • Example Sentence: "Niltze, quen tica?" (Hello, how are you?)

1. Tlazocamati - Thank you
   
   • Pronunciation: tlah-zoh-kah-mah-tee
   • Example Sentence: "Tlazocamati, ne tlahtoa." (Thank you, I speak.)

1. Cualli tonalli - Good morning
   
   • Pronunciation: kwah-lee toh-nahl-lee
   • Example Sentence: "Cualli tonalli, tehuatl tlahtoa?" (Good morning, do you speak?)

1. Tlazohcamati huel miac - Thank you very much
   
   • Pronunciation: tlah-zoh-kah-mah-tee hwehl mee-ahk
   • Example Sentence: "Tlazohcamati huel miac, no nechca." (Thank you very much, my friend.)

1. Yohual cualli - Good night
   
   • Pronunciation: yoh-wahl kwah-lee
   • Example Sentence: "Yohual cualli, nehuilti." (Good night, rest well.)

1. Tlein ca - What is this?
   
   • Pronunciation: tlayn kah
   • Example Sentence: "Tlein ca, in amoxtli?" (What is this, a book?)

• Hello:
  
  • "Niltze, quen tica?" (Hello, how are you?)
• Thank you:
  
  • "Tlazocamati, ne tlahtoa." (Thank you, I speak.)